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biopolis, Patrick Geddes and the City of Life

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biopolis, Patrick Geddes and the City of Life


biopolis, Patrick Geddes and the City of Life

380 صفحه پی دی اف

1 “Angling for Cities!” 6
The Scientist of Life 9
The Economics of Nature 13
The Economics of Cities 16
The Order of Cities 17
The Revolt against Reason 19
Toward a Larger Modernism 22
2 Patrick Geddes’s Theory of the City 26
Victorian Britain and Historical Models 28
The Notation of Life 31
From Individual to Communal Psychology 40
Geddes’s Theory of the City: A Platonic Reading 46
3 The City and Geography 54
Town and Country 55
The Valley Section 60
Edinburgh and Its Region: A Northern Athens and Its Polis 66
The Region-City: A Step toward Conurbations and the World City 70
Regional and Universal 76
The Outlook Tower 78
4 The City in History 82
The City in Nineteenth-Century Thought 84
Geddes’s View of History: The Arbor Saeculorum 88
Organicism and Morphology 92
The Cities and Town Planning Exhibition 99
Some Problems, Regional and Historical 103

5 History in the City 106
Reading History from the City 108
The Genius Loci 112
Conservative Surgery 116
The Rebuilding of Crosby Hall 120
Exhibitions for Learning 124
Recapitulation and Recollection 131
6 The Metaphysical Imperative in Urban Design around 1900 136
Building the Ideal Community 138
Temple Ideas around 1900 145
Temples of Art and Culture 159
Temples of the City 168
7 The City and Spirituality 174
The Temple of Geography 176
Biological Views of the City: Eugenic and Metabolic 187
The Temple of the Greek Gods: A Temple of Life 192
The Garden for the Nine Greek Muses: Life in Action 197
The Temple as the Union between Science and Religion 200
A Hall of Vision 206
8 From the Temple of the City to the Cultural Acropolis 214
The Temple of the City 215
Celebrating the City 221
The Cultural Acropolis 232
The City Crown 244
Epilogue 250
Appendix: Synoptic Overview of Geddes’s Life and Time 256
Notes 268
Bibliography 314
Illustration Credits 342
Index 346

 


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biopolis, Patrick Geddes and the City of Life

دانلود کتاب دایره المعارف فشرده و مختصر فلسفه غرب - THE CONCISE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

اختصاصی از فی گوو دانلود کتاب دایره المعارف فشرده و مختصر فلسفه غرب - THE CONCISE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

دانلود کتاب دایره المعارف فشرده و مختصر فلسفه غرب - THE CONCISE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY


دانلود کتاب دایره المعارف فشرده و مختصر فلسفه غرب - THE CONCISE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

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دانلود کتاب دایره المعارف فشرده و مختصر فلسفه غرب - THE CONCISE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

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دانلود مقاله انگلیسی The "organization" as an interdisciplinary learning zone: Using a strategic game to integrate learning about supply chain management and advertising

"سازمان" به عنوان یک منطقه آموزش بین رشته ای:
با استفاده از یک بازی استراتژیک برای ادغام یادگیری در مورد مدیریت زنجیره تامین و تبلیغات

نوع فایل:Pdf تعداد صفحات:14 فروشگاه اینترنتی باران بیست


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The All Shah’s Men

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The All Shah’s Men


The All Shah’s Men همه مردان شاه
نگارش: استفان کنزر , Stephen Kinzer
ویراستاری، تحقیق و زیر نویس و مطابقت تاریخی به تلاش ح - ک
نام کامل ویراستار تا زمانی که نام ایران دوباره زنده نشده
و شکوفائی خود را باز نیافته محفوظ خواهد ماند.
این نوشتار برای آگاهی همگان تنظیم شده.

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The All Shah’s Men

Interest on equity and capital structure in the Brazilian context

اختصاصی از فی گوو Interest on equity and capital structure in the Brazilian context دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .
Interest on equity and capital structure in the Brazilian context

Abstract
Purpose – The interest paid on own capital can benefit companies in the Brazilian capital market as
it can be considered a business expense and is, therefore, deductible as a corporate tax. The purpose of
this paper is to assess the impact of interest on equity (IOE) on capital structure decisions.
Design/methodology/approach – The initial sample consisted of 524 publicly traded companies
from different industries in the Brazilian capital market that were listed on Bovespa. Companies in the
finance, insurance and funds industries were excluded from the sample due to the unique features
of these financial intermediaries. Some companies in the initial sample were excluded due to a lack of
published data, inactivity during the sample period, etc. Thus, the paper excluded those companies
that did not have valid observations or failed to publish them. The final sample included 370
companies and covered the nine-year period from 1998 through 2006.
Findings – To this end, the authors identified the main determinants of capital structure and
analyzed, through panel data, the relationship of IOE in addition to other determinants of capital
structure, such as size, profitability, investment opportunities, risk, sales growth, real interest rate and
real exchange rate, in corporate debt. The novel contribution of this study is the inclusion and analysis
of the IOE in studies on the determination of capital structure of Brazilian companies. A new capital
structure scenario was created when Law No. 9.249/95 required changes in legislation, ceasing the
restatement of balance sheets and allowing companies to compensate their stockholders through IOE.
Before this change, companies could only benefit from the tax benefits of debt, using debt capital. Now,
they can also benefit from the use of equity because, by requiting equity through the IOE, deductions
of income tax and social contributions on net income are allowed by tax law because the IOE may be
considered a financial expense.
Originality/value: The authors were not able to find any other publication of a similar study in
a review of the extant empirical literature.
Keywords Capital structure, Interest on equity, Payout policy, Taxes
Paper type Research paper

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Interest on equity and capital structure in the Brazilian context